The simple view of reading (above) shows the two main aspects of learning to read: language comprehension and word recognition. In order to be a successful, independent reader, children should be in the upper right quadrant (good word recognition and good language comprehension). 

Word recognition refers to reading fluency and decoding and is developed through teaching of phonics, spelling rules and common exception words. 

Language comprehension is taught through specific focus on each of the reading domains (below) which develop different aspects of language and reading comprehension. The reading domains are often referred to using the acronym reading VIPERS.

In Key Stage 1:

In Key Stage 2:

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